Kuphimba kwa chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chotsika cha alloy

1. Zipangizo zomangira

 (1)Kuphimba zitsulo za kaboni ndi zitsulo zochepa zosakaniza kumaphatikizapo kuphimba zofewa ndi kuphimba zolimba. Chophimba chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu soldering yofewa ndi tin lead solder. Kunyowa kwa solder iyi ku chitsulo kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa tin, kotero solder yokhala ndi tin yambiri iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potseka zolumikizira. Fesn2 intermetallic compound layer ikhoza kupangidwa pakati pa tin ndi chitsulo mu tin lead solder. Pofuna kupewa kupangika kwa tin mu wosanjikiza uwu, kutentha kwa brazing ndi nthawi yogwirira ziyenera kulamulidwa bwino. Mphamvu yodula ya zolumikizira zitsulo za kaboni zomwe zimaphimba ndi zolumikizira zingapo za tin lead zawonetsedwa mu Table 1. Pakati pawo, mphamvu yolumikizirana yomwe imapangidwa ndi 50% w (SN) ndiyo yapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yolumikizirana yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi solder yopanda antimony ndi yayikulu kuposa yomwe ili ndi antimony.

Gome 1 mphamvu yodulira zitsulo za kaboni zolumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira cha tin lead

Popangira zitsulo za kaboni ndi zitsulo zotsika mtengo, zitsulo za mkuwa, zinc zamkuwa ndi siliva zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zitsulo za mkuwa zimakhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kusungunuka zitsulo zoyambira panthawi yopangira zitsulo. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popangira zitsulo zotetezedwa ndi mpweya komanso zotchingira vacuum. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti kusiyana pakati pa zolumikizira za kaboni kuyenera kukhala kochepera 0.05mm kuti tipewe vuto lakuti kusiyana kwa zolumikizira sikungadzazidwe chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa mkuwa. Zitsulo za kaboni ndi zitsulo zotsika mtengo zomwe zimayikidwa ndi mkuwa weniweni zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu yodula ndi 150 ~ 215mpa, pomwe mphamvu yolimba imagawidwa pakati pa 170 ~ 340mpa.

Poyerekeza ndi mkuwa woyera, kusungunuka kwa zinc solder ya mkuwa kumachepa chifukwa cha kuwonjezera kwa Zn. Pofuna kupewa kusungunuka kwa Zn panthawi yopangira brazing, mbali imodzi, kuchuluka pang'ono kwa Si kumatha kuwonjezeredwa ku zinc solder ya mkuwa; Kumbali ina, njira zotenthetsera mwachangu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga flame brazing, induction brazing ndi dip brazing. Malumikizidwe a carbon steel ndi low alloy steel brazing ndi copper zinc filler metal ali ndi mphamvu yabwino komanso plasticity. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yolimba komanso mphamvu yodula ya carbon steel joints brazing ndi b-cu62zn solder imafika 420MPa ndi 290mpa. Kusungunuka kwa siliva copper station solder ndi kotsika kuposa kwa copper zinc solder, komwe ndikosavuta kulumikiza singano. Chitsulo chodzaza ichi ndi choyenera kupangira flame brazing, induction brazing ndi flame brazing ya carbon steel ndi low alloy steel, koma kuchuluka kwa Zn kuyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe kungathekere panthawi yopangira frazing, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kuwonjezeka. Brazing carbon steel ndi low alloy steel ndi siliva copper zinc filler metal kumatha kupeza malumikizidwe amphamvu komanso plasticity. Deta yeniyeni yalembedwa mu Table 2.

Gome 2 mphamvu ya zolumikizira zachitsulo chotsika mpweya zomwe zakulungidwa ndi siliva copper zinc solder

(2) Flux: mpweya wotuluka kapena woteteza uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chotsika. Flux nthawi zambiri imatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yosankhidwa ya filler metal ndi brazing. Mukagwiritsa ntchito tin lead solder, madzi osakaniza a zinc chloride ndi ammonium chloride angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati flux kapena flux ina yapadera. Zotsalira za flux iyi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowononga kwambiri, ndipo cholumikiziracho chiyenera kutsukidwa mosamala pambuyo popangira brazing.

Mukapaka chitsulo chodzaza ndi zinc, fb301 kapena fb302 flux iyenera kusankhidwa, kutanthauza borax kapena chisakanizo cha borax ndi boric acid; Mu flame brazing, chisakanizo cha methyl borate ndi formic acid chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati brazing flux, momwe nthunzi ya B2O3 imagwira ntchito yochotsa filimu.

Mukagwiritsa ntchito siliva copper zinc brazing filler metal, fb102, fb103 ndi fb104 brazing fluxes zitha kusankhidwa, kutanthauza chisakanizo cha borax, boric acid ndi ma fluoride ena. Zotsalira za flux iyi zimawononga pamlingo winawake ndipo ziyenera kuchotsedwa mutagwiritsa ntchito brazing.

2. Ukadaulo wa brazing

Malo oti alumikizepo ayenera kutsukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina kapena mankhwala kuti atsimikizire kuti filimu ya oxide ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zachotsedwa kwathunthu. Malo oyeretsedwawo sayenera kukhala okhwima kwambiri ndipo sayenera kumamatira ku zitsulo kapena dothi lina.

Chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chopanda aloyi chingathe kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zodziwika bwino zopangira. Pakupangira malawi, moto woletsa kapena wochepetsa pang'ono uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakugwira ntchito, kutentha mwachindunji kwa chitsulo chodzaza ndi kufalikira ndi lawi kuyenera kupewedwa momwe zingathere. Njira zotenthetsera mwachangu monga kupangira induction ndi kuyika chitsulo chosungunuka ndizoyenera kwambiri pakupangira chitsulo chozimitsidwa ndi chotenthetsera. Nthawi yomweyo, kuzimitsa kapena kuyika chitsulo chotenthetsera kutentha kotsika kuposa kutentha kuyenera kusankhidwa kuti chitsulo choyambira chisafe. Pakupangira chitsulo chopanda aloyi chikhale ndi mphamvu zambiri mumlengalenga woteteza, si mpweya wokha wokha womwe umafunika, komanso mpweya wotuluka uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti chitsulo chodzaza chinyowa ndi kufalikira pamwamba pa chitsulo choyambira.

Madzi otsala amatha kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira za mankhwala kapena zamakina. Madzi otsala a organic brazing flux amatha kupukutidwa kapena kutsukidwa ndi mafuta, mowa, acetone ndi zinthu zina zosungunulira zachilengedwe; Madzi otsala a organic flux amphamvu monga zinc chloride ndi ammonium chloride ayenera kuchotsedwa kaye mu NaOH amadzimadzi, kenako n’kutsukidwa ndi madzi otentha ndi ozizira; Madzi otsala a boric acid ndi boric acid flux ndi ovuta kuwachotsa, ndipo amatha kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina kapena kuviika m’madzi okwera kwa nthawi yayitali.