1. Kulimba kwamphamvu
N'zovuta kuyika pulasitiki ya ceramic ndi ceramic, ceramic ndi zitsulo. Zosakaniza zambiri zimapanga mpira pamwamba pa ceramic, popanda kunyowetsa kwambiri kapena kunyowetsa konse. Chitsulo chodzaza pulasitiki chomwe chimanyowetsa ceramics n'chosavuta kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala ofooka (monga carbides, silicides ndi ternary kapena multivariate compounds) pamalo olumikizirana panthawi yopangira pulasitiki. Kukhalapo kwa mankhwalawa kumakhudza momwe makina amagwirira ntchito pa cholumikiziracho amagwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa coefficients pakati pa ceramic, chitsulo ndi solder, padzakhala kupsinjika kotsalira mu cholumikiziracho kutentha kwa pulasitiki kuziziritsidwa kufika kutentha kwa chipinda, zomwe zingayambitse kusweka kwa cholumikiziracho.
Kunyowa kwa solder pamwamba pa ceramic kungawongoleredwe powonjezera zinthu zachitsulo zogwira ntchito ku solder wamba; Kutentha kochepa komanso kulimba kwa nthawi yochepa kungachepetse mphamvu ya mawonekedwe; Kupsinjika kwa kutentha kwa cholumikizira kungachepetsedwe popanga mawonekedwe oyenera a cholumikizira ndikugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chimodzi kapena zingapo ngati gawo lapakati.
2. Solder
Ceramic ndi chitsulo nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa mu uvuni wa vacuum kapena hydrogen ndi argon furnace. Kuphatikiza pa makhalidwe onse, zitsulo zodzaza brazing za zida zamagetsi za vacuum ziyeneranso kukhala ndi zofunikira zina zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, solder sayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wochuluka, kuti asayambitse kutuluka kwa dielectric ndi poizoni wa cathode pazida. Kawirikawiri zimanenedwa kuti chipangizocho chikagwira ntchito, mphamvu ya nthunzi ya solder siyenera kupitirira 10-3pa, ndipo zinyalala za nthunzi zomwe zili mkati siziyenera kupitirira 0.002% ~ 0.005%; W (o) ya solder siyenera kupitirira 0.001%, kuti tipewe nthunzi yamadzi yomwe imapangidwa panthawi ya brazing mu haidrojeni, zomwe zingayambitse kufalikira kwa chitsulo chosungunuka cha solder; Kuphatikiza apo, solder iyenera kukhala yoyera komanso yopanda ma oxides pamwamba.
Mukapaka zitsulo za ceramic, mkuwa, maziko, mkuwa wa siliva, mkuwa wagolide ndi zitsulo zina zodzaza zitsulo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Pakupangira mwachindunji zinthu zadothi ndi zitsulo, zitsulo zodzaza brazing zomwe zili ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito Ti ndi Zr ziyenera kusankhidwa. Zitsulo zodzaza ziwirizi makamaka ndi Ti Cu ndi Ti Ni, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa 1100 ℃. Pakati pa zosungunulira ternary, Ag Cu Ti (W) (TI) ndiye solder yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira mwachindunji zinthu zosiyanasiyana zadothi ndi zitsulo. Chitsulo chodzaza ternary chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi foil, ufa kapena Ag Cu eutectic filler metal yokhala ndi Ti powder. Chitsulo chodzaza brazing cha B-ti49be2 chili ndi kukana dzimbiri kofanana ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso kupanikizika kochepa kwa nthunzi. Chikhoza kusankhidwa mwapadera m'malo olumikizira vacuum okhala ndi kukana kwa okosijeni ndi kutuluka kwa madzi. Mu solder ya ti-v-cr, kutentha kosungunuka kumakhala kotsika kwambiri (1620 ℃) pamene w (V) ndi 30%, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa Cr kungachepetse kutentha kosungunuka. B-ti47.5ta5 solder yopanda Cr yagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mwachindunji alumina ndi magnesium oxide, ndipo cholumikizira chake chingagwire ntchito pa kutentha kozungulira kwa 1000 ℃. Gome 14 likuwonetsa kufalikira kwa ntchito yolumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa ceramic ndi chitsulo.
Tebulo 14 zitsulo zodzaza brazing zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ceramic ndi chitsulo
2. Ukadaulo wa brazing
Zoumba zadothi zopangidwa kale zitha kupakidwa mu mpweya woipa kwambiri, haidrojeni kapena malo otayira mpweya. Zoumba zadothi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoumba zadothi mwachindunji popanda kupakidwa zitsulo.
(1) Njira yopangira zinthu zonse pogwiritsa ntchito ceramic ndi chitsulo ikhoza kugawidwa m'njira zisanu ndi ziwiri: kuyeretsa pamwamba, kuphimba ndi phala, kuyika zitsulo pamwamba pa ceramic, kuyika nickel, kuyika zitsulo ndi kuyang'anira pambuyo pa weld.
Cholinga choyeretsa pamwamba ndikuchotsa banga la mafuta, banga la thukuta ndi filimu ya oxide pamwamba pa chitsulo choyambira. Zigawo zachitsulo ndi solder ziyenera kuchotsedwa mafuta kaye, kenako filimu ya oxide iyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kutsukidwa ndi asidi kapena alkali, kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyenda ndikuumitsidwa. Zigawo zofunikira kwambiri ziyenera kutenthedwa mu uvuni wa vacuum kapena uvuni wa hydrogen (njira yogwiritsira ntchito ion bombardment ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito) pa kutentha koyenera komanso nthawi yoyeretsera pamwamba pa zigawozo. Zigawo zotsukidwa siziyenera kukhudzana ndi zinthu zamafuta kapena manja opanda kanthu. Ziyenera kuyikidwa nthawi yomweyo mu njira yotsatira kapena mu chowumitsira. Siziyenera kuwonetsedwa mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali. Zigawo za ceramic ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi acetone ndi ultrasonic, kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyenda, kenako kuwiritsidwa kawiri ndi madzi oyeretsedwa kwa mphindi 15 nthawi iliyonse.
Kupaka phala ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira chitsulo cha ceramic. Pakupaka phala, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa ceramic kuti ipangidwe chitsulo ndi burashi kapena makina opaka phala. Kukhuthala kwa phala nthawi zambiri kumakhala 30 ~ 60mm. Phala nthawi zambiri limapangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wachitsulo (nthawi zina chitsulo chosungunuka choyenera chimawonjezeredwa) ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta pafupifupi 1 ~ 5um ndi guluu wachilengedwe.
Zidutswa za ceramic zomwe zapakidwa zimatumizidwa ku ng'anjo ya hydrogen ndikuzipaka ndi hydrogen yonyowa kapena ammonia yosweka pa 1300 ~ 1500 ℃ kwa mphindi 30 ~ 60. Pazidutswa za ceramic zomwe zakutidwa ndi ma hydride, ziyenera kutenthedwa kufika pa 900 ℃ kuti ziwola ma hydride ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi chitsulo choyera kapena titaniyamu (kapena zirconium) zomwe zatsala pamwamba pa ceramic kuti zipange chophimba chachitsulo pamwamba pa ceramic.
Pa gawo lachitsulo la Mo Mn, kuti linyowe ndi solder, gawo la nickel la 1.4 ~ 5um liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi electroplated kapena kuphimbidwa ndi ufa wa nickel. Ngati kutentha kwa brazing kuli kotsika kuposa 1000 ℃, gawo la nickel liyenera kuyikidwa mu uvuni wa hydrogen. Kutentha ndi nthawi yotenthetsera ndi 1000 ℃ /15 ~ 20min.
Zoumba zokonzedwa ndi zitsulo, zomwe ziyenera kupangidwa zonse ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena graphite ndi nkhungu za ceramic. Chophimbacho chiyenera kuyikidwa pamalo olumikizirana, ndipo chogwiriracho chiyenera kukhala choyera nthawi yonse yogwirira ntchito, ndipo sichiyenera kukhudzidwa ndi manja opanda kanthu.
Kuwotcha kuyenera kuchitika mu uvuni wa argon, hydrogen kapena vacuum. Kutentha kwa chitsulo chodzaza chitsulo kumadalira chitsulo chodzaza chitsulo. Pofuna kupewa kusweka kwa zigawo za ceramic, liwiro lozizira siliyenera kukhala lachangu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chitsulo chowotcha chingagwiritsenso ntchito mphamvu inayake (pafupifupi 0.49 ~ 0.98mpa).
Kuwonjezera pa kuyang'ana khalidwe la pamwamba, ma welded braze ayeneranso kuyesedwa kutentha ndi mawonekedwe a makina. Zigawo zotsekera za zipangizo zotulutsa mpweya ziyeneranso kuyesedwa kutayikira malinga ndi malamulo oyenera.
(2) Kuzimitsa mwachindunji mukamazimitsa mwachindunji (njira yogwiritsira ntchito chitsulo), choyamba yeretsani pamwamba pa zomangira zadothi ndi zitsulo, kenako muzisonkhanitse. Pofuna kupewa ming'alu yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi ma coefficients osiyanasiyana okulitsa kutentha kwa zinthu zophatikizika, gawo la buffer (gawo limodzi kapena angapo a mapepala achitsulo) likhoza kuzunguliridwa pakati pa zomangira. Chitsulo chodzaza brazing chiyenera kumangiriridwa pakati pa zomangira ziwiri kapena kuyikidwa pamalo pomwe mpata umadzazidwa ndi chitsulo chodzaza brazing momwe mungathere, kenako kuzimitsa kuyenera kuchitika ngati kuzizimitsa wamba kwa vacuum.
Ngati Ag Cu Ti solder ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira brazing mwachindunji, njira yopangira vacuum brazing iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene vacuum cleaner mu ng'anjo ifika pa 2.7 × Yambani kutentha pa 10-3pa, ndipo kutentha kumatha kukwera mofulumira panthawiyi; Pamene kutentha kuli pafupi ndi malo osungunuka a solder, kutentha kuyenera kukwezedwa pang'onopang'ono kuti kutentha kwa mbali zonse za weldment kukhale kofanana; Pamene solder yasungunuka, kutentha kuyenera kukwezedwa mofulumira kufika pa kutentha kwa brazing, ndipo nthawi yogwira iyenera kukhala 3 ~ 5min; Panthawi yozizira, iyenera kuziziritsidwa pang'onopang'ono isanafike 700 ℃, ndipo ikhoza kuziziritsidwa mwachilengedwe ndi ng'anjo itatha 700 ℃.
Pamene chotenthetsera chogwira ntchito cha Ti Cu chikukulungidwa mwachindunji, mawonekedwe a chotenthetsera akhoza kukhala Cu foil kuphatikiza ufa wa Ti kapena zigawo za Cu kuphatikiza pepala la Ti, kapena pamwamba pa ceramic pakhoza kuphimbidwa ndi ufa wa Ti kuphatikiza pepala la Cu. Musanakulungidwe, zigawo zonse zachitsulo ziyenera kuchotsedwa mpweya ndi vacuum. Kutentha kwa mpweya kwa mkuwa wopanda mpweya kuyenera kukhala 750 ~ 800 ℃, ndipo Ti, Nb, Ta, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kuchotsedwa mpweya pa 900 ℃ kwa mphindi 15. Pakadali pano, digiri ya vacuum sayenera kuchepera 6.7 × 10-3Pa. Panthawi yokulungidwa, sonkhanitsani zigawo zomwe ziyenera kukulungidwa mu chogwirira, zitenthetseni mu uvuni wa vacuum mpaka 900 ~ 1120 ℃, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi 2 ~ 5min. Panthawi yonse yokulungidwa, digiri ya vacuum sayenera kuchepera 6.7 × 10-3Pa.
Njira yowotcha ya Ti Ni ndiyofanana ndi njira ya Ti Cu, ndipo kutentha kwa brazing ndi 900 ± 10 ℃.
(3) Njira yopangira oxide Njira yopangira oxide ndi njira yolumikizirana yodalirika pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lagalasi lomwe limapangidwa ndi kusungunuka kwa oxide solder kuti lilowe mu ceramics ndikunyowetsa pamwamba pa chitsulo. Imatha kulumikiza ceramics ndi ceramics ndi ceramics ndi zitsulo. Zitsulo zodzaza oxide zimapangidwa makamaka ndi Al2O3, Cao, Bao ndi MgO. Mwa kuwonjezera B2O3, Y2O3 ndi ta2o3, zitsulo zodzaza brazing zokhala ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana zosungunuka ndi ma coefficients owonjezera a linear zitha kupezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, zitsulo zodzaza fluoride brazing zokhala ndi CaF2 ndi NaF monga zigawo zazikulu zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kulumikiza ceramics ndi zitsulo kuti zipeze malo olumikizirana okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-13-2022