Kulimba kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
1. Kulimba kwamphamvu
Vuto lalikulu pakupangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndilakuti filimu ya oxide pamwamba imakhudza kwambiri kunyowetsa ndi kufalikira kwa solder. Zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi Cr yambiri, ndipo zina zimakhala ndi Ni, Ti, Mn, Mo, Nb ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimatha kupanga ma oxide osiyanasiyana kapena ma oxide ophatikizika pamwamba. Pakati pawo, ma oxide Cr2O3 ndi TiO2 a Cr ndi Ti ndi okhazikika komanso ovuta kuwachotsa. Mukapangira zitsulo mumlengalenga, active flux iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwachotsa; Mukapangira zitsulo mumlengalenga woteteza, filimu ya oxide imatha kuchepetsedwa pokhapokha mumlengalenga woyera kwambiri wokhala ndi mame ochepa komanso kutentha kokwanira; Mukapangira zitsulo zotayira, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi vacuum yokwanira komanso kutentha kokwanira kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino za brazing.
Vuto lina la kupangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndilakuti kutentha kotenthetsera kumakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe ka chitsulo choyambira. Kutentha kotenthetsera kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic sikuyenera kupitirira 1150 ℃, apo ayi njereyo idzakula kwambiri; Ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chilibe chinthu chokhazikika cha Ti kapena Nb ndipo chili ndi mpweya wambiri, kupangira zitsulo mkati mwa kutentha kodziwitsidwa (500 ~ 850 ℃) kuyeneranso kupewedwa. Pofuna kupewa kukana dzimbiri kuti kusachepe chifukwa cha chromium carbide yomwe imalowa. Kusankha kutentha kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic ndikokhwima kwambiri. Choyamba ndikufananiza kutentha kwa chitsulo choyambira ndi kutentha kozimitsa, kuti kuphatikiza njira yopangira zitsulo ndi njira yopangira kutentha; Chinanso ndichakuti kutentha kwa chitsulo choyambira kuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa kutentha kotenthetsera kuti chitsulo choyambira chisafewe panthawi yopangira zitsulo. Mfundo yosankha kutentha kwa chitsulo choyambira cholimbitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi yofanana ndi ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic, ndiko kuti, kutentha kwa chitsulo choyambira kuyenera kufanana ndi njira yopangira kutentha kuti mupeze zinthu zabwino kwambiri zamakanika.
Kuwonjezera pa mavuto awiri akuluakulu omwe ali pamwambapa, pali chizolowezi cha kusweka kwa nkhawa poika chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, makamaka poika chitsulo cha copper zinc filler. Pofuna kupewa kusweka kwa nkhawa, workpiece iyenera kuchepetsedwa kupsinjika isanayambe kuyika brazing, ndipo workpiece iyenera kutenthedwa mofanana panthawi yoika brazing.
2. Zipangizo zomangira
(1) Malinga ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimaphatikizapo zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo za Tin Lead, zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo zogwiritsa ntchito siliva, zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo zogwiritsa ntchito mkuwa, zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo zogwiritsa ntchito manganese, zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo zogwiritsa ntchito nickel ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zodzaza zitsulo zogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo.
Chotsukira cha tin chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka potsukira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo ndi choyenera kukhala ndi tin yambiri. Chitsukira cha tin chikakhala chachikulu, chimakhala chonyowa bwino pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Mphamvu yochepetsera ya zolumikizira za 1Cr18Ni9Ti zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimakulungidwa ndi zolumikizira zingapo za tin zomwe zimakulungidwa zalembedwa mu Table 3. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yochepa ya zolumikizira, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pazigawo zotsukira zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zochepa zonyamula.
Mphamvu yodula ya tebulo 3 ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 1Cr18Ni9Ti cholumikizidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula cha tin lead
Zitsulo zodzaza zochokera ku siliva ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Pakati pawo, zitsulo zodzaza za siliva zamkuwa ndi zinc zamkuwa ndi zinc cadmium zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa kutentha kwa zitsulo zoyambira sikukhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a zitsulo zoyambira. Mphamvu ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za ICr18Ni9Ti zolumikizira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zolumikizidwa ndi zolumikizira zingapo zasiliva zalembedwa mu Gome 4. Zolumikizira zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zolumikizidwa ndi zolumikizira zasiliva sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'malo owononga kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwa zolumikizira nthawi zambiri sikupitirira 300 ℃. Mukapangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri popanda nickel, kuti mupewe dzimbiri la zolumikizira zolumikizidwa m'malo onyowa, chitsulo chodzaza cha nickel chochulukirapo chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga b-ag50cuzncdni. Mukapangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za martensitic, kuti mupewe kufewa kwa zitsulo zoyambira, chitsulo chodzaza cha brazing chokhala ndi kutentha kosapitirira 650 ℃ chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga b-ag40cuzncd. Mukayika chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mumlengalenga woteteza, kuti muchotse filimu ya oxide pamwamba, flux yokhala ndi lithiamu yokhala ndi self brazing ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, monga b-ag92culi ndi b-ag72culi. Mukayika chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mu vacuum, kuti chitsulo chodzaza chikhalebe ndi chinyezi chabwino pamene chilibe zinthu monga Zn ndi CD zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kusungunuka, chitsulo chodzaza siliva chokhala ndi zinthu monga Mn, Ni ndi RD chingasankhidwe.
Mphamvu ya tebulo 4 ya cholumikizira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ICr18Ni9Ti chokongoletsedwa ndi chitsulo chodzaza chasiliva
Zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo zopangidwa ndi mkuwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zosiyanasiyana ndi mkuwa weniweni, nickel yamkuwa ndi manganese cobalt brazing filler zitsulo. Chitsulo chodzaza zitsulo zopangidwa ndi mkuwa weniweni chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zitsulo zoteteza mpweya kapena vacuum. Kutentha kwa cholumikizira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sikupitirira 400 ℃, koma cholumikiziracho chili ndi kukana koipa kwa okosijeni. Chitsulo chodzaza zitsulo zopangidwa ndi mkuwa cha nickel chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zophimba moto ndi zophimba zoyambitsa. Mphamvu ya cholumikizira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 1Cr18Ni9Ti chopangidwa ndi mkuwa ikuwonetsedwa mu Gome 5. Zitha kuwoneka kuti cholumikiziracho chili ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi chitsulo choyambira, ndipo kutentha kogwira ntchito ndi kwakukulu. Chitsulo chodzaza zitsulo cha Cu Mn co chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za martensitic mumlengalenga woteteza. Mphamvu yolumikizira ndi kutentha kogwira ntchito ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chodzaza chagolide. Mwachitsanzo, cholumikizira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 1Cr13 chopangidwa ndi b-cu58mnco solder chili ndi magwiridwe ofanana ndi cholumikizira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chimapangidwa ndi b-au82ni solder (onani Gome 6), koma mtengo wopanga umachepa kwambiri.
Mphamvu yocheka ya tebulo 5 ya cholumikizira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 1Cr18Ni9Ti chokongoletsedwa ndi chitsulo chodzaza maziko a mkuwa kutentha kwambiri
Mphamvu yocheka ya tebulo 6 ya cholumikizira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 1Cr13
Zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo zopangidwa ndi manganese zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popangira zitsulo zoteteza mpweya, ndipo kuyera kwa mpweya kumafunika kukhala kwakukulu. Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa chitsulo choyambira, chitsulo chodzaza zitsulo chofanana ndi kutentha kwa zitsulo zoteteza kutentha kotsika kuposa 1150 ℃ chiyenera kusankhidwa. Mphamvu yokwanira yopangira zitsulo zoteteza imatha kupezeka pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zophimbidwa ndi solder yochokera ku manganese, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Gome 7. Kutentha kwa cholumikizira kumatha kufika 600 ℃.
Mphamvu yocheka ya tebulo 7 ya cholumikizira cha lcr18ni9fi chosapanga dzimbiri chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chodzaza chochokera ku manganese
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsulo chodzaza nickel base, cholumikiziracho chimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri pa kutentha. Chitsulo chodzazachi nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira cholumikizira chotetezedwa ndi mpweya kapena cholumikizira chopanda mpweya. Pofuna kuthetsa vuto lakuti mankhwala ena ofooka amapangidwa mu cholumikizira cholumikizidwa panthawi yopangira cholumikizira, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ndi pulasitiki ya cholumikiziracho, mpata wa cholumikiziracho uyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zosavuta kupanga gawo lofooka mu chosungunula zilowerere kwathunthu mu chitsulo choyambira. Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa tirigu wachitsulo choyambira chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yogwira kutentha kwa cholumikizira, njira yoyezera yogwirira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa komanso chithandizo chofalikira kutentha kochepa (poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwa cholumikizira) pambuyo powotcherera ingatengedwe.
Zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo zodziwika bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimaphatikizapo zitsulo zodzaza zopangidwa ndi golide ndi zitsulo zodzaza zokhala ndi palladium, zomwe zodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi b-au82ni, b-ag54cupd ndi b-au82ni, zomwe zimakhala ndi chinyezi chabwino. Cholumikizira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopangidwa ndi brazing chili ndi mphamvu yotentha kwambiri komanso kukana okosijeni, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu kogwira ntchito kumatha kufika 800 ℃. B-ag54cupd ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi a b-au82ni ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika, kotero nthawi zambiri imalowa m'malo mwa b-au82ni.
(2) Pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mumlengalenga wa flux ndi ng'anjo muli ma oxide monga Cr2O3 ndi TiO2, omwe angachotsedwe pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito flux yokhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvu. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikakulungidwa ndi tin lead solder, flux yoyenera ndi phosphoric acid aqueous solution kapena zinc oxide hydrochloric acid solution. Nthawi yogwira ntchito ya phosphoric acid aqueous solution ndi yochepa, kotero njira yotenthetsera mwachangu iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Fb102, fb103 kapena fb104 fluxes ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zodzaza zasiliva. Popangira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zodzaza za mkuwa, fb105 flux imagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa brazing.
Mukayika chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mu ng'anjo, mpweya woipa kapena mpweya woteteza monga hydrogen, argon ndi ammonia yowola nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakuyika vacuum brazing, mphamvu ya vacuum iyenera kukhala yotsika kuposa 10-2Pa. Mukayika mu mlengalenga woteteza, mpweya woipa suyenera kukhala wokwera kuposa -40 ℃ Ngati kuyera kwa mpweya sikukwanira kapena kutentha kwa brazing sikukwera, mpweya woipa pang'ono, monga boron trifluoride, ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa mumlengalenga.
2. Ukadaulo wa brazing
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chiyenera kutsukidwa bwino musanagwiritse ntchito chitsulo chosungunula kuti muchotse mafuta ndi mafuta. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosungunula nthawi yomweyo mukamaliza kutsuka.
Kupangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotenthetsera moto, kulowetsa mpweya, ndi ng'anjo. Ng'anjo yopangira zitsulo mu ng'anjo iyenera kukhala ndi njira yabwino yowongolera kutentha (kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa zitsulo kumafunika kukhala ± 6 ℃) ndipo ikhoza kuziziritsidwa mwachangu. Hydrogen ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya woteteza zitsulo, zofunikira za haidrojeni zimadalira kutentha kwa zitsulo ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo choyambira, ndiko kuti, kutentha kwa zitsulo zoyambira kumakhala kotsika, chitsulo choyambira chimakhala ndi chokhazikika, ndipo hydrogen imafunikira mame otsika. Mwachitsanzo, pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za martensitic monga 1Cr13 ndi cr17ni2t, popangira zitsulo pa 1000 ℃, mame a haidrojeni amafunika kukhala otsika kuposa -40 ℃; Pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha chromium nickel cha 18-8 chopanda chokhazikika, mame a haidrojeni ayenera kukhala otsika kuposa 25 ℃ panthawi yopangira zitsulo pa 1150 ℃; Komabe, pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 1Cr18Ni9Ti chokhala ndi titanium stabilizer, hydrogen dew point iyenera kukhala yotsika kuposa -40 ℃ ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1150 ℃. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitsulo choteteza argon, kuyera kwa argon kumafunika kukhala kokwera. Ngati mkuwa kapena nickel yakutidwa pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kufunikira kwa kuyera kwa mpweya woteteza kungachepe. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti filimu ya oxide yachotsedwa pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, BF3 gas flux ingawonjezedwenso, ndipo lithiamu kapena boron yokhala ndi self flux solder ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zofunikira pa vacuum degree zimadalira kutentha kwa brazing. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa brazing, vacuum yofunikira ingachepe.
Njira yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pambuyo pa brazing ndikutsuka chotsalira cha flux ndi choletsa kuyenda kwa madzi, ndikuchita chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa brazing ngati pakufunika kutero. Kutengera njira yogwiritsira ntchito flux ndi brazing, flux yotsala ikhoza kutsukidwa ndi madzi, kutsukidwa ndi makina kapena kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala. Ngati abrasive imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa flux yotsala kapena filimu ya oxide pamalo otentha pafupi ndi cholumikizira, mchenga kapena tinthu tina topanda chitsulo tiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zigawo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cholimba zimafunika chithandizo cha kutentha malinga ndi zofunikira zapadera za chipangizocho pambuyo pa brazing. Zolumikizira zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zokongoletsedwa ndi zitsulo zodzaza za Ni Cr B ndi Ni Cr Si nthawi zambiri zimachiritsidwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha chofalikira pambuyo pa brazing kuti zichepetse zofunikira za brazing gap ndikukonza microstructure ndi makhalidwe a zolumikizira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-13-2022